Thursday, October 13, 2016

W, X, Y, Z letter glossary for drilling mud handbook

Wall cake. The solid material deposited along the wall of the hole resulting from filtration of the fluid part of the drilling fluid into the formation. See: cake thickness, filter cake.
Wall sticking. See: differential pressure sticking.
Warp. In a woven cloth, the direction of the wires running parallel with the loom or running the length of a roll of cloth. In wire cloth production, these are the long or longitudinal wires. See: loom.
Water-based drilling fluid. Common, conventional drilling fluid. Water is the suspending medium for solids and is the continuous phase, whether or not oil is present. See: water loss, filtration.
Water-based mud. See: water-based drilling fluid.
Water block. A reduction in the permeability of the formation caused by the invasion of water into the pores (capillaries). The decrease in permeability can be caused by swelling of clays, thereby shutting off the pores, or in some cases by a capillary block of wetted pores due to surface tension phenomena.
Water feed. Water to be added for dilution of the mud feed into a centrifugal separator. See: dilution water.
Water loss. See: filtration, fluid loss.
Water wet. Not oil wet. A surface on which water easily spreads. If the contact angle of a water droplet on a surface is less than 90 , the surface is water wet. See: hydrophilic, oil wet.
Water-in-oil emulsion. See: invert oil-emulsion drilling fluid.
Weft. See: shute.
Weight. In drilling fluid terminology, the density of a drilling fluid. This is normally expressed in either lb/gal, lb/cu ft, psi hydrostatic pressure per 1000 ft of depth, or specific gravity related to water. See: density.
Weight material. Any of the high–specific gravity materials used to increase the density of drilling fluids. This material is most commonly barite or hematite. In special applications, limestone is also called a weight material.
Weight percentage. The number of weighted parts of the total weight. Weight percentage is the most common method of reporting oil in solids discharges and mass balance calculations. See: volume percentage, ppm.
Weight up. To increase the weight of a drilling fluid, usually by the addition of weight material.
Weighted drilling fluid. A drilling fluid to which commercial solids have been added to increase the slurry weight.
Weighted mud. See: weighted drilling fluid.
Well bore. The hole drilled by the bit, also known as the borehole.
Well-bore stabilization. Maintenance of well-bore integrity, which generally
requires manipulating the properties of the drilling fluid to simulate the physicochemical environment of the rock before it was drilled.
Well logging. See: electric logging, mud logging.
Wetting. The adhesion of a liquid to the surface of a solid.
Wetting agent. A substance that, when added to a liquid, increases the spreading of the liquid on a surface or the penetration of the liquid into a material.
Whipstock. A device inserted into a well bore to cause the drill bit to exit the established path of the existing well bore. The whipstock is the tool used for the initiation of directional drilling.
Wildcat. A well in unproved territory.
Windage loss. (1) The resisting power of air or air friction acting against
a rapidly rotating armature or cooling fan to create a power loss.
(2) The resisting power of air or air friction against the rotating bowl of a centrifuge.
Wire cloth. Screen cloth of woven wire. See: screen cloth.
Working pressure (WP). The maximum pressure to which equipment should be exposed in order to comply with manufacturer’s warranty and be within industry codes and safety standards.
Workover fluid. Any type of fluid used in the workover operation of a well.
Yield. The quality of a clay in terms of the number of barrels of a given
viscosity (usually 15 cP) slurry that can be made from a ton of the clay.
Based on the yield, clays are classified as bentonite, high-yield, lowyield,
etc. Not related to yield point. See API RP 13B.
Yield point. (1) A term derived from a direct-reading viscosimeter (Fann
V-G or equivalent) based on subtracting the plastic viscosity from the
300-rpm reading. (2) An extrapolated shear stress at zero shear rate created by assuming a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate and determining the intercept on the shear stress axis. The linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate that results in a yield point is called a Bingham Plastic model. See: viscosity, plastic viscosity, API RP 13B.
Yield value. See: yield point.
Zero-zero gels. A condition wherein the drilling fluid fails to form
measurable gels during a quiescent time interval (usually 10 minutes).
The measurements of gel are made with a direct-reading viscometer at
intervals of 10 seconds and 10 minutes. See: progressive gel, flat gel.
Zeta potential. The electrokinetic potential of a particle as determined
by its electrophoretic mobility. This electric potential causes colloidal
particles to repel each other and stay in suspension.
Zinc bromide. ZnBr2. A very soluble salt used to increase the density of
water or brine to more than double that of water. Normally added to
calcium chloride/calcium bromide mixed brines.

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

High quality shaker screen for used shale shaker

High quality shaker screen for used shale shaker

V glossary for drilling mud management

V-G meter. See: direct-indicating viscometer.
VAC. Alternating current voltage.
Valence. A number representing the combining power of an atom, that is, the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared by an atom in a compound. It is also a measure of the number of hydrogen atoms with which an atom will combine or replace, for example, an oxygen atom combines with two hydrogens, hence has a valence of 2. Thus, there are mono-, di-, tri-, etc., valent ions.
Valence effect. In general, the higher the valence of an ion, the greater
the loss of stability to emulsions, colloidal suspensions, etc., these polyvalent ions will impart.

Thursday, July 7, 2016

drilling fluid processing glossary U

Ultra-fine solids. Particles whose diameter is between 2 and 44 microns.

Ultra-fine wire cloth. A group of industrial wire cloth specifications with lighter than normal wire. The wire diameter of this grade produces the highest percentage of open area of all other grades for any specific mesh size. This cloth is used in multiple layer screens. See: market grade cloth, mill grade cloth, tensile bolting cloth, and calendered.

Ultraviolet light. Light waves shorter than the visible blue and violet waves of the spectrum. Crude oil, colored distillates, residium, a few drilling-fluid additives, and certain minerals and chemicals fluorescein the presence of ultraviolet light. These substances, when present in drilling fluid, may cause the drilling fluid to fluoresce.

Unbalanced elliptical motion. An elliptical motion of a shale shaker screen such that the ellipse axes at the feed end are tilted toward the discharge end of the screen and the ellipse axes at the discharge end are tilted toward the feed end. Usually these screens are tilted downward to assist solids removal from the end of the screen. The vibrator is usually located above the center of gravity of the shaker basket.

Underflow. (1) Centrifugal separators: the discharge stream from centrifugal separators that contains a higher percentage of solids than does the feed. (2) Screen separators: the discharge stream from screen separators that contains a lower percentage of solids than does the feed.

Underflow header. A pipe, tube, or conduit into which two or more hydrocyclones discharge their underflow.

Underflow opening. See: apex, apex valve.

Undersize solids particles. (1) Particles, in a given situation, that will pass through the mesh of the screen in use. (2) Particles, in a given situation, that will remain with the liquid phase when subjected to centrifugal force.


Underslung. Field terminology denoting that the support ribs for the shaker screen are located above the screen surface. See: overslung.

Wednesday, July 6, 2016

drilling fluid processing glossary T

Tannic acid. The active ingredient of quebracho and other quebracho substitutes such as mangrove bark, chestnut extract, hemlock, etc.

Temperature survey. An operation to determine temperatures at various depths in the well bore. This survey is used to find the location of inflows of water into the borehole or where proper cementing of the casing has taken place.

Ten-minute gel. See: gel strength.

Tensile bolting cloth. A group of industrial wire cloth specifications woven of extremely smooth and durable stainless steel in a square mesh pattern. The wire diameter is lighter than mill grade cloth, producing a higher percentage of open area. See: market grad cloth, mill grade cloth, ultra-fine wire cloth, and calendered.

Tensioning. The stretching of a screening surface of a shale shaker within the vibrating frame, to the proper tension.

Testing sieve. A cylindrical or traylike container with a screening surface bottom of standardized apertures. See: sieve.

Thermal decomposition. Chemical breakdown of a compound or substance by temperature into simple substances or into its constituent elements. Starch thermally decomposes in drilling fluids as the temperature approaches 300 F.

Thinner. Any of the various organic agents (e.g., tannins, lignins, lignosulfonates, etc.) and inorganic agents (pyrophosphates, tetraphosphates, etc.) that are added to a water-based drilling fluid to reduce the low-shear-rate viscosity and/or thixotropic properties by deflocculation.

Thixotropy. The ability of a fluid to develop gel strength with time. That property of a fluid at rest that causes it to build up a rigid or semirigid gel structure if allowed to remain at rest. The fluid can be returned to a liquid state by mechanical agitation. This change is reversible. See: gel strength.

Thrust. A force that pushes; for example. as solids experience a thrust on a shale shaker screen.

Tighten-up emulsion. Jargon describing condition in oil-based drilling fluids in which either chemicals or shear or both are used to emulsify water in oil into smaller droplets to prevent the emulsion from breaking, or coming apart. Also known as tighten-up emulsion mud.

Titration. The process of using a standard solution in order to determine of the amount of some substance in another solution. The known solution is usually added in a definite quantity to the unknown until a reaction is complete.

Tool joint. A drill-pipe coupler consisting of a threaded pin and a box of various designs and sizes.

Torque. (1) The turning effort caused by a force acting normal to the radius at a specified distance from the axis of rotation. Torque is expressed in pound-feet (pounds at a radius of one foot). Torque, lb-ft¼force, lbs lever arm, ft. (2) Drill string connections require a specific torque to be properly tightened. The drill string in a borehole experiences a frictional force as it is rotated. This causes a torque in the drill string. Torque reduction can usually be accomplished by the addition of various drilling-fluid additives.

Total depth (TD). The greatest depth reached by the drill bit in a particular well.

Total dilution. The volume of drilling fluid that would be built to maintain a specified fraction of drilled solids over a specified interval of footage if there were no solids-removal system.

Total hardness. See: hardness (water)

Total head. The sum of all the heads within a system (total head= velocity head + pressure head + elevation head).

Total nonblanked area. The net unblocked area, in square feet, that will permit the passage of fluid through a screen. Some screen designs can eliminate as much as 40% of the gross screen panel area from fluid flow due to backing plate and bonding material blockage.

Tour. Pronounced like ‘‘tower.’’ A person’s turn in an orderly schedule, designating the shift of a drilling crew.

Trenchless drilling. Excavating material near the surface for tunnels, cables, pipelines, etc., by drilling instead of digging ditches.

Trip. The process of pulling the drill string from the hole and running it back to the bottom again. One way (either in or out) is referred to as a half-trip. See: round trip.

Trip tank. A gauged and calibrated vessel used to account for fill and displacement volumes as pipe is pulled from and run into the hole. Close observation allows early detection of formation fluid entering the well bore and of drilling fluid loss to a formation.

Turbidity. A condition in a clear fluid that causes a lack of clarity caused by the presence of suspended matter, resulting in the scattering and absorption of light rays.

Turbine. See: impeller.

Turbulent flow. Fluid flow in which the velocity at a given point changes constantly in magnitude and the direction of flow; pursues erratic and continually varying courses. See: critical velocity, Reynolds number.

Twist-off. The severing or failure of a joint of drill pipe caused by excessive torque.

Saturday, April 9, 2016

AiPu solid control equipment on 16TH CIPPE in 2016





 Aipu solids control equipment attended 16TH CIPPE during Mar.29~31. We brought Hunter-M4 high G linear motion shale shaker there. So many clients are interested in the shaker. Since the it can be also used as high drying shaker on drilling waste process. Glad to share our CIPPE information with you.

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