V-G meter. See: direct-indicating viscometer.
VAC. Alternating current voltage.
Valence. A number representing the combining power of an atom, that is, the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared by an atom in a compound. It is also a measure of the number of hydrogen atoms with which an atom will combine or replace, for example, an oxygen atom combines with two hydrogens, hence has a valence of 2. Thus, there are mono-, di-, tri-, etc., valent ions.
Valence effect. In general, the higher the valence of an ion, the greater
the loss of stability to emulsions, colloidal suspensions, etc., these polyvalent ions will impart.
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